“He works hard, but he doesn’t earn much.” It is not normally used at the beginning of a sentence. Therefore / So / Consequently / As a result, they are taking on extra staff.”īut is more informal than however. Therefore, so, consequently and as a result are all used in a similar way. “Since the company is expanding, we need to hire more staff.”Īs the company is expanding, we need to hire more staff.” Giving a result “We believe in incentive schemes, because we want our employees to be more productive.” For example, “Because it was raining, the match was postponed.” “Because of bad weather, the football match was postponed.”īecause can be used at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence. “Owing to the fact that the workers have gone on strike, the company has been unable to fulfill all its orders.” “Due to the fact that oil prices have risen, the inflation rate has gone up by 1%25.” If you want to follow these words with a clause (a subject, verb and object), you must follow the words with the fact that.

“Owing to the demand, we are unable to supply all items within 2 weeks.” “Due to the rise in oil prices, the inflation rate rose by 1.25%.” “The following people have been chosen to go on the training course: N Peters, C Jones and A Owen.” Giving a reasonĭue to and owing to must be followed by a noun. The following is a good way of starting a list. Instead, try the first point, the second point, the third point and so on. It’s rare to use “fourthly”, or “fifthly”. The former is studied in the first term and the latter is studied in the final term.”įirstly, … secondly, … finally (or lastly) are useful ways to list ideas. “Marketing and finance are both covered in the course. The former and the latter are useful when you want to refer to one of two points. We normally use these words at the beginning of the sentence to give a summary of what we have said or written. Moreover, they tell us about the competition.” Summarising “Marketing plans give us an idea of the potential market. Moreover and furthermore add extra information to the point you are making. “Besides Rover, we are the largest sports car manufacturer.” “Apart from Rover, we are the largest sports car manufacturer.” Too goes either at the end of the sentence, or after the subject and means as well.Īpart from and besides are often used to mean as well as, or in addition to. “We are interested in costs as well as the competition.” “As well as the costs, we are concerned by the competition.” If you want to start a sentence with a phrase that means also, you can use In addition, or In addition to this…Īs well as can be used at the beginning or the middle of a sentence. We don’t usually start a sentence with also. “We are concerned not only by the costs, but also by the competition.”

You can use also with not only to give emphasis. “We discussed training, education and the budget.”Īlso is used to add an extra idea or emphasis. In a list, you put a comma between each item, but not before and. “There are two problems: namely, the expense and the time.” Adding information

The most common way to give examples is by using for example or for instance. Here’s a list of the most common linking words and phrases: Giving examples We can use linking words to give examples, add information, summarise, sequence information, give a reason or result, or to contrast ideas. Linking words help you to connect ideas and sentences when you speak or write English.

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